![]() This comes in stark contrast to the region north of it, the Levant (the present-day territories of Syria, Lebanon, Jordan, Israel and Palestine), which, due largely to its strategic geopolitical location and cultural convergences, has historically been the center of conflict between Egypt and various states of Mesopotamia and Asia Minor. The Sinai Peninsula has been a part of Egypt from the First Dynasty of ancient Egypt ( c. Mount Sinai is one of the most religiously significant places in the Abrahamic faiths. The peninsula acquired the name Sinai in modern times due to the assumption that a mountain near Saint Catherine's Monastery is the Biblical Mount Sinai. ![]() In the classical era the region was known as Arabia Petraea. Three other governorates span the Suez Canal, crossing into African Egypt: Suez Governorate on the southern end of the Suez Canal, Ismailia Governorate in the center, and Port Said Governorate in the north. Administratively, the vast majority of the area of the Sinai Peninsula is divided into two governorates: the South Sinai Governorate and the North Sinai Governorate. Sinai has a land area of about 60,000 km 2 (23,000 sq mi) (6 percent of Egypt's total area) and a population of approximately 600,000 people. It is between the Mediterranean Sea to the north and the Red Sea to the south, and is a land bridge between Asia and Africa. The Sinai Peninsula, or simply Sinai ( now usually / ˈ s aɪ n aɪ/ SY-ny) ( Arabic: سِينَاء, Egyptian Arabic: سينا, Coptic: Ⲥⲓⲛⲁ), is a peninsula in Egypt, and the only part of the country located in Asia. The water quality index WQI demonstrated that Sidikerir water was between medium and good.Peninsula in Egypt between the Mediterranean Sea and the Red Sea Trophic states, as well as factors affecting the water quality of study area, were evaluated. Total nitrogen and total phosphorous were fluctuated between 17.63–118.65 and 0.20–2.80 lM, respectively. Nutrient characteristics sustained the levels up to 1.68, 11.00, 8.82, 1.15 and 33.18 lM for reactive phosphates, reactive silicates, ammonium, nitrite and nitrate, respectively. They demonstrated a wide range of water temperature (17.14–26.31 ☌), narrow fluctuations in salinity (37.51–39.71), and well-oxygenated seawaters (4.16–8.00 mg O 2 /l), low amounts of oxidizable organic matter (1.92 mg O 2 /l) and the seawater was slightly alkaline (pH range 8.03–8.53). Temporal, spatial fluctuations as well as statistical correlations between the analyzed variables were examined. Subsurface and near bottom water samples were collected seasonally during 2012 at eight locations to measure physic-ochemical and nutrient salts characteristics as indicators of the water quality. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license ().Ī hot spot region of the Mediterranean Sea located at Sidikerir west of Alexandria was chosen to evaluate the present status of its water quality due to the direct impacts of effect of the power station, petroleum pipe company (SUMED) and some tourist villages. ![]() on behalf of National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries. This equation could be applied in the future to predict the total phytoplankton counts in the coastal waters of the northern part of the Red Sea, Egypt. ![]() The multiple regression model was: phytoplankton counts = 28,564 + 0.69 NO 3 + 0.284 NH 4 À 0.13 SiO 4 À 0.30 Salinity (M.R. The dissolved nitrate (0.07-2.27 lM), ammonium (1.82-8.80 lM), reactive silicate (0.41-5.22 lM) and water salinity (39.9-42.9&) were the most effective factors that controlled the seasonal fluctuations of phytoplankton during 2013. The physico-chemical properties of surface water exhibited seasonal and spatial variations. The species diversity fluctuated between 3.36 in the summer and 3.97 in autumn, with an annual average of 3.76. Autumn was the most productive season recording an average of 5916 unit/L, followed by spring (average of 5282 unit/L) and winter (average of 4329 unit/L), while summer showed the lowest counts (average of 3607 unit/L). Other algal classes like Cyanophyceae, Chlorophyceae, Euglenophy-ceae and Silicoflagellates sustained low counts, forming collectively about 9.0% of the total abundance of phytoplankton. ![]() A total of 145 species were recorded with clear dominance of Bacillariophyceae, which formed about 76.4% of the total phytoplankton counts with annual average of 3654 cell/L and Dinophyceae (14.63%) with annual average of 700 cell/L. Phytoplankton community structure and some environmental parameters in the coastal water of the north western part of the Red Sea were studied seasonally during 2013. ![]()
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